Second Semester Exam - Review

Pre-AP Chemistry, Chapters 11-19, 22

Charles Page High School, Stephen L. Cotton

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From Chapter 11:

1. Be able to balance a given equation.

2. Recognize the five types of chemical reactions, and identify their reactants and products.

3. Classify a given equation according to one of the five types.

4. Know the meaning of symbols used in an equation, such as (s), (aq), etc.

5. Convert a word equation into a balanced equation using symbols and formulas.

From Chapter 12:

1. Know the steps used in solving most stoichiometry problems.

2. Be able to solve stoichiometry problems – Sample 12.5, page 365

3. In a chemical reaction, know how the mass of products relates to mass of reactants.

4. Be able to interpret a chemical equation – pages 356 and 357

5. Be able to solve stoichiometry problems involving moles – Sample 12.2, page 360

From Chapter 13:

1. Compare the melting point of a molecular compound with an ionic compound.

2. Know the topic called sublimation.

3. Be able to describe the process of evaporation and what causes it.

4. Know what causes and is happening in boiling of a liquid.

5. Define evaporation.

From Chapter 14:

1. State Charles’s Law, and be able to apply the law to changes given.
2. Know the ideal gas law, and what each symbol stands for.
3. Be able to apply the gas laws to a certain change of conditions.
4. State Boyle’s Law, and be able to apply the law to changes given.
5. Be able to solve an ideal gas law problem – Practice Problem #23, page 427

From Chapter 15:

1. How does the surface tension of water compare to other liquids?

2. What is surface tension?

3. Know the characteristics of an electrolyte, and be able to identify an electrolyte.

4. Know the characteristics of solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

5. Calculate the percentage of water in a hydrate – Sample 15.1, page 456

From Chapter 16:

1. Be able to classify a solution as unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated based on what happens when a seed crystal is added.
2. What do colligative properties depend on?
3. What type of substances are less soluble in hot water than in cold water?
4. Know the colligative property examples we discussed in class (there are three of them).
5. Be able to calculate the freezing point of a solution – Sample 16.8, page 495

From Chapter 17:

1. How would a container feel if an endothermic reaction were occurring?

2. What is heat of solution defined as?

3. How will the heat released from a system compare with the heat absorbed by the surroundings?

4. What chemical did we study that has a very high specific heat, compared to other chemicals?

5. Calculate the energy required to change a chemical’s temperature – Practice Problem #4, page 510.

From Chapter 18:

1. At equilibrium, what is the rate of production of reactants compared with the rate of production of products?
2. Calculate the equilibrium constant for a given reaction – Sample 18.1, page 557
3. Know the factors that affect reaction rate, and be able to apply them to a specific reaction.
4. Define entropy.

From Chapter 19:

1. When an acid reacts with a base, what compounds are formed? Be able to predict them, when given the reactants.
2. Be able to interpret the value of pH as either neutral, acidic, or basic.
3. Know the properties of bases.
4. Know the properties of acids.
5. Calculate the pH when given the hydrogen ion concentration – Sample 19.2, page 599

From Chapter 22:

1. How many double covalent bonds are in an alkane? An alkene? An alkyne?
2. How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have?
3. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain what type of bonds?
4. Hydrocarbons containing a saturated carbon ring are called ____.
5. Be able to recognize a condensed structural formula for a hydrocarbon given.